International Health Insurance (IHI)

International Health Insurance (IHI)

Important facts

• At least half of the world's population does not yet have full coverage for essential health services.
• More than 930 million people (nearly 12% of the world's population) spend at least 10% of their family budget to pay for health care.
• All member states of the UN have agreed to try to achieve universal health coverage (IHI) by 2030, as part of the Sustainable Development Goals.

What is UHC?

UHC (Universal Health Insurance) means that all individuals and communities have access to the health services they need without experiencing financial hardship.

UHC enables everyone to receive services that address the major causes of illness and death, and ensures that the quality of these services is adequate for improving the health of recipients.

Reaching UHC is one of the world's goals when it comes to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. Countries that have made progress at UHC will achieve other health-related goals, among other goals. Good health allows children to learn and the adults they earn, help people to escape poverty, and provide the foundation for long-term economic development.

What is UHC is not

There are many things that are not included in the scope of UHC:

• UHC does not mean all health coverage is possible, regardless of the cost, as this country can provide all free services in a consistent manner.
• UHC is not the only health investment. It covers all components of the health system: health service delivery systems, health workforce, health and communication networks, health technologies, information systems, quality assurance systems, and government and law.
• UHC is not to only to provide ensures a minimum health services package, but also ensures expansion of health and financial protection as more resources are available.
• UHC not only includes personalized treatment services, but also includes people-based services such as public health campaigns, fluoride supplementation, control of mosquito tips, and so on.
• UHC contains more than just health; UHC action means steps towards equality, development priorities, and community and collective action.

How can countries develop at UHC?

Many countries are already making progress in UHC. All countries can take actions to move quickly, or to maintain their past achievements. In countries where health services have traditionally been accessible and affordable, governments find it increasingly difficult to address the growing public health needs and the proliferation of health services.

Moving to the UHC requires strengthening health systems in all countries. The financing structure of the patrol is key. When people pay most of the cost of health services with their own pockets, poor people are often unable to access the many services they need, and even the rich may experience financial hardship in the event of a severe crisis or period. long. period of illness. Water collection from compulsory funding sources (such as the inclusion of compulsory insurance) can spread the financial risk of illness across the community.

Improving health service coverage and health outcomes depends on the availability, availability, and ability of health workers to provide integrated care between people. Investing in quality primary health care will be the biggest drive to reach UHC worldwide. Investing in primary health care workers is the most effective way to ensure that access to basic health care will be better. Good governance, procurement systems and supply of medicines and medical technologies and effective health information systems are other important factors.

What is primary health care?

Primary health care is a pathway to health and wellbeing based on the needs and circumstances of individuals, families and communities. It deals with the completeness and linkage of physical, mental and social health and wellbeing.

It is about providing universal health care for all life-long health needs, not just treating one particular type of disease. Primary health care to provide that people can receive comprehensive care, ranging from promotion and prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and care to people as close as possible to the daily environment of the people.

WHO has developed an integrated definition of primary health care based on three categories:

Ensure that people's health problems are addressed through comprehensive promotion, protection, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and health care across the lifespan, with a strategic focus on key strategic activities. for individuals and families and the community as the core elements of integrated service delivery at all levels of care;

In order to determine a wide range of health address (including social, economic, environmental, and other characteristics and attitudes) through public policies and practices identified and the actions of all and

Empowering individuals, families, and communities to improve their health, advocating for policies that promote health and wellbeing, such as health partners and social services through their participation, and as self-advocacy. care and caregivers of others.

Primary health care is the most effective and efficient way of achieving universal health coverage.

To meet the needs of the health workforce targets sustainable development goals and international targets, more than 18 million additional health workers are needed in 2030. Gaps and needs to pay health workers are concentrated in low-income countries and below. Increasing demand for health workers are expected to add about 40 million jobs in the medical ward of the global economy at the end of 2030. The investment required public sector and private knowledge of the medical staff, as well as the creation of and filling funding positions in the health and economic sectors.

UHC emphasized not only the covered services, but also how they are funded, managed, and provided. A fundamental shift in service delivery is needed as services are integrated and focused on the needs of the people and the community. This includes the reorganization of health services to ensure that care is provided in the right place, with the right balance between outpatient and outpatient care and strengthening care coordination. Health services, including standard pharmaceutical and combined services, tailored to the needs and goals of people and the community will help empower them to take an active role in their health and well-being.

Can UHC be measured?

• Yes. Monitoring the progress of UHC should focus on 2 things:
• Estimate the number of people who can access high quality health services.
• Public share that spends a lot of money on the family's health.

In conjunction with the World Bank, WHO has developed a framework for tracking the progress of UHC by monitoring the two sectors, with reference to both the general level and the extent to which the UHC is equal, while providing services and financial protection for all its inhabitants in the community. Therefore, the poor or those living in shift rural areas.

WHO uses 16 key health services in 4 categories of indicators of equity and fairness in countries:

Reproductive, maternal, child and child health:

• Family planning
• Antenatal care and childbirth
• Full immunization of children
• Medical-seeking behavior of pneumonia.

Infectious diseases:

• TB treatment
• HIV prevention treatment
• Hepatitis treatment
• Use bed curtains to treat malaria
• Adequate cleaning.

No contagious diseases:

• Prevention and treatment of high blood pressure
• Prevention and treatment of raised blood glucose
• Cervical cancer screening
• Tobacco.

Service capability and access:

• Access to the primary hospital
• Health worker density
• Access to essential medicines

Health safety: compliance with international health regulations.

Each country is unique, and each country can focus on different aspects, or develop their own approaches to measuring the progress of UHC. But there is also a value in a global model that uses internationally recognized standards to compare borders and over time.

WHO role

The UHC is firmly rooted in WHO's 1948 Constitution, which declares health as a fundamental human right and promises to ensure the highest standard of health for all.

WHO is supporting countries to develop their health systems to move forward and continue with UHC, and to monitor progress? But WHO is not alone:   WHO works with many partners in a variety of contexts and with a variety of goals to develop UHC around the world?

Some WHO partners include:

• UHC2030
• Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research
• Public Health Protection Network P4H
• EU-Luxembourg-WHO cooperation at UHC
• Health Pre-Action Action Plan

25-2526 October 2018, WHO in collaboration with UNICEF and the Kazakhstan Ministry of Health hosted the International Primary Health Care Conference, 40 years after the adoption of the historic Alma-Ata Statement. Ministers, health workers, academics, partners and civil society have come together to interact with primary health care as the basis of UHC's new bold Declaration of Astana. The Declaration aims to renew political decision-making in primary health care from governments, non-governmental organizations, professional organizations, medical academies and international development organizations.

All countries can do more to improve health outcomes and address poverty, increase health services coverage, and reduce poverty in relation to providing health services.